DNA mutations and noncoding RNA expression can be both useful and detrimental to cells. Although somatically induced DNA alterations are important for B and T cell development, they are widely seen as drivers of various malignancies. Similarly, RNA expression both from coding and noncoding regions of the genome needs to be controlled by post transcriptional processing to prevent adverse effects including onset of RNA induced genomic instability, RNA interference, altered control of DNA regulatory elements, or activation of RNA induced inflammatory responses.